Iorganic Ions hamwe nabandi Ikizamini

Ibinyabuzima bya electrolyte byibinyabuzima bivuga cyane cyane calcium, magnesium, fosifore nubundi buryo bwo kumenya.Birenze 99% bya calcium mumubiri iboneka mumagufa namenyo.Kalisiyumu yinjira cyane muri duodenum ikasohoka mu mara no mu mpyiko.Kalisiyumu isanzwe yamaraso ihindagurika cyane kandi iguma kurwego rusanzwe.Impamvu zikunze gutera hypocalcemia ni: ① hypoalbuminemia;Kunanirwa kw'impyiko zidakira;③ hypotherroidism, imisemburo ya parathiyide idahagije;Kubura Vitamine D;Disorder ya electrolyte metabolism ihura na hyperphosphatemia;Umubare munini winjiza citrate anticoagulation, nibindi. Hypercalcemia ni syndrome yimpamvu nyinshi, nko gukoresha thiazide, gusinda vitamine D, gusinda kwa hyperthyroidism, nibindi. Hypercalcemia ntabwo isanzwe mubuvuzi kandi abarwayi benshi nta bimenyetso biranga bafite.Kumenya ivuriro rya calcium yamaraso bifasha gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwindwara ya metabolisme yamagufwa nindwara zifitanye isano nayo, kandi bigatanga ishingiro ryizewe ryo gusuzuma no kuvura.

Magnesium iboneka cyane mu ngirabuzimafatizo kandi ikora enzymes nyinshi.Nibintu byingenzi kumiterere ya ADN, RNA na macromolecules ya ribosome nibintu byingenzi byo gukomeza imikorere yimitsi isanzwe.Kubura kwa magnesium Clinical biramenyerewe cyane, kuruka, kugabanuka kwa gastrointestinal, impiswi ikaze, enterite yaho ndetse na colitis ibisebe bishobora gutera magnesium;Kwiyongera kw'impyiko nacyo gitera kubura magnesium, nk'indwara y'impyiko, diyabete, hypercalcemia, aside metabolike, na fosifike.Hypermagnesemia ntabwo isanzwe, oliguria idahagije yimpyiko, hypotherroidism irashobora kubaho hypermagnesemia.Kumenya kwa magnesium birashobora gufasha gusobanukirwa nuburyo bwindwara ya metabolisme yamagufwa nindwara zifitanye isano nayo, kandi bigatanga ishingiro ryizewe ryo gusuzuma no kuvura.

Fosifore ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu mubiri, kandi fosifore muri plasma ubusanzwe yerekeza ku kwibumbira hamwe kwa fosifori idasanzwe.Ubwiyongere bwa fosifore idafite ingufu bwari busanzwe muri ① hypoparathyroidism;Ins Kubura impyiko cyangwa kunanirwa, uremia cyangwa gutinda kwa nephritis, indwara yo gusohora fosifate itera serumu fosifore;Vitamine D nyinshi cyane, itume calcium yo mu mara hamwe na fosifore yinjira, calcium ya calcium na fosifore byiyongereye;Myeloma nyinshi, osteoporose, metastase yamagufa, icyiciro cyo gukiza kuvunika;Kugabanuka kwa fosifori idasanzwe ni rusange muri ① hyperparathyroidism;Ick rike cyangwa rake iherekejwe na hyperplasia ya kabiri ya parathiyide;Dise Indwara y'impyiko;④ Mu ndwara ya CELiac, hari ibinure byinshi mu mara, bibuza kwinjiza fosifore.

Ingano ya karuboni ya dioxyde (CO2) murugero rwa serumu yumuntu cyangwa plasma.Dioxyde de Carbone ni igiteranyo cya CO2 yose muri plasma muburyo butandukanye, inyinshi murizo (95%) ziri muburyo bwa hCO3.Ibiri muri CO2 mu maraso bigira uruhare runini muguhuza aside-fatizo yumubiri wumuntu.Ihinduka ryayo ryerekana cyane cyane metabolike acide-ishingiro ryuburinganire.

Kumenya serum amylase na amylase yinkari nuburyo bukoreshwa cyane muri laboratoire yo gusuzuma indwara zifata pancreatic.Iyo urwaye indwara zifata pancreatic, cyangwa imikorere mibi ya pancreatic exocrine irashobora gutuma ibikorwa byayo byiyongera cyangwa bigabanuka, bifasha mugupima indwara zifata pancreatic.Urine amylase urwego ruhindagurika cyane, nibyiza rero gukoresha serum amylase detection, cyangwa ibyemezo byombi.Impinduka mubikorwa bya amylase irashobora no kugaragara muburwayi bumwe na bumwe butari pancreatic, bityo rero kugena amylase isoenzymes mugihe bibaye ngombwa bifite akamaro mugusuzuma gutandukanye.Bikunze kugaragara cyane muri pancreatite ikaze, acute pancreatitis nimwe mubimenyetso byingenzi byo gusuzuma.